Charente-Maritime has a rich history that dates back to ancient times. The region was home to several Celtic tribes before it was conquered by the Romans in the 1st century BC. In the Middle Ages, the region was an important center for trade and commerce, with several major ports along its coast. During the Hundred Years' War between France and England, the region was the site of several important battles, including the Battle of La Rochelle. In more recent times, the region played a key role in the Resistance during World War II, and was the site of the famous Saint-Nazaire Raid in 1942.

Charente-Maritime has a vibrant and unique culture that is influenced by its history, geography, and traditions. The region is known for its seafood, wine, and cognac, and its cuisine reflects the importance of these industries. The region is also home to several important museums, including the Maritime Museum in La Rochelle, which celebrates the region's seafaring history, and the Musée d'Orbigny-Bernon in Saintes, which showcases the region's archaeology and fine arts. The region also has a rich musical tradition, with several festivals and events throughout the year celebrating everything from jazz to traditional choral music. Additionally, the region is home to many historic sites and landmarks, including the medieval towers of La Rochelle, the Roman amphitheater in Saintes, and the fortified citadel of Brouage.