Aude has a rich and diverse history dating back to ancient times. The region was inhabited by the Iberians, a pre-Roman civilization, and later by the Romans who established several settlements in the area, including the city of Narbonne. During the medieval period, Aude was a strategic region fought over by various powers, including the Visigoths, Moors, and Franks. In the 13th century, the region was the site of the Cathar Crusade, a brutal conflict between the Catholic Church and the Cathar heretics. Many of the castles and fortifications built during this time still stand today, and the region is known as the "land of the Cathars".

Aude's culture is shaped by its history and geography. The region has a strong sense of identity and pride, with many festivals and traditions celebrating its heritage. One of the most famous festivals is the Feria de Carcassonne, a five-day event featuring bullfights, concerts, and street performances. Aude is also known for its cuisine, which is based on fresh, locally sourced ingredients. Some of the popular dishes include cassoulet, a hearty stew of white beans, sausage, and pork; oysters from the Etang de Thau; and the sweet nougat of Limoux.
Art and literature have also played an important role in Aude's cultural history. The region has inspired many artists and writers, including the poet Joë Bousquet and the painters Jean-Paul Laurens and Gustave Courbet. Today, Aude continues to attract artists, writers, and visitors from around the world who come to explore its history, culture, and natural beauty.